Why is this important?
Users with visual impairments may not be able to see or interpret visual content, such as images and video. As designers you must provide text that accurately describes the nature of all visual content. You should provide audio descriptions to help users understand video content.
Users with hearing or cognitive impairments, and those for whom the language spoken in any video content is not their primary language, may not be able to hear or understand spoken audio in video content.
You must ensure that users have complete control over what they can see and hear. If you have any moving content – video, animation, image or text based carousels – you must provide a way to allow them to pause or stop the content.
In this section
- Provide alternatives for images, video and audio content
- Take extreme care when designing for video, audio and animation
References for this section
WCAG 2.1
- 1.1.1 Non-text Content (A)
- 1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Pre-recorded) (A)
- 1.2.2 Captions (Pre-recorded) (A)
- 1.2.3 Audio Descriptions or Media Alternative (Pre-recorded) (A)
- 1.2.4 Captions (Live) (A)
- 1.2.5 Audio Description (Pre-recorded) (AA)
- 1.2.6 Sign Language (Pre-recorded) (AAA)
- 1.4.2 Audio Control (A)
- 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide (A)
- 2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold (A)
EN 301 549 v 2.1.2
- 9.1.1.1 Non-text Content
- 9.1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Pre-recorded)
- 9.1.2.2 Captions (Pre-recorded)
- 9.1.2.3 Audio Descriptions or Media Alternative (Pre-recorded)
- 9.1.2.4 Captions (Live)
- 9.1.2.5 Audio Description (Pre-recorded)
- 9.1.4.2 Audio Control
- 9.2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide
- 9.2.3.1 There Flashes or Below Threshold
Videos
- Accessibility and Moving Content - W3C Digital Accessibility Foundations
- Accessible Images: Bad Alt Text Examples – Web Accessibility Education
Further reading
- WebAIM’s alternative text page
- WebAIM’s complex image tutorial
- 3 questions to Help Decide If an Image Doesn't Need Alt Text
- WAI Decorative Images
- 5 most annoying website features I face as a blind person every single day
- Deafness and the User Experience
- Accessibility according to actual people with disabilities
- Alternate text for background images
- WAI guidance on images
- WAI Alt text Decision Tree
- Text descriptions and emotion rich images
- Writing great alt text: Emotion matters
- Register of Irish Sign Language Interpreters
- Guidelines for Working with Interpreters, June 2021 (PDF)
- A guide to using subtitles, captions and transcripts for accessibility
- WAI guidance on Captions/Subtitles
- Google – Add subtitles and captions
- How Current Design Trends Affect Web Accessibility
- Your Interactive Makes Me Sick
- Vestibular Issues in Parallax Design
- About Vestibular Disorders
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2004